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Chapters 12 and 13 — Comparing Two Groups
These chapters extend inference methods to comparisons between two groups. Students learn how to construct confidence intervals and perform hypothesis tests comparing two population means and two population proportions, using both z- and t-distributions where appropriate. They also explore how tests for two means and two proportions differ and when each method is suitable. These comparisons are central in many real-world applications where effects between groups or treatments are assessed